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James C. Petrillo Music Shell or simply Petrillo Music Shell or Petrillo Bandshell as it is more commonly known, is an outdoor amphitheater/bandstand in Grant Park in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It serves as host to many large annual music festivals in the city such as Chicago Blues Festival, Chicago Jazz Festival, Taste of Chicago and Lollapalooza. It is also the former host of several smaller (less than 10,000) attendance annual events that have moved to the newer Jay Pritzker Pavilion such as the Grant Park Music Festival, Chicago Gospel Music Festival, and Chicago Latin Music Festival. It was formerly located at the South end of Grant Park and was relocated in 1978. The shell was commissioned in 1931 by Mayor of Chicago Anton Cermak in the wake of the Great Depression to help lift the spirits of the citizenry with free concerts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Petrillo Music Shell ) 〕〔Tiebert, Laura, ''Frommer's Chicago with Kids (3rd edition),'' 2007, Wiley Publishing, Inc., ISBN 978-0-470-12481-9, p.263.〕 The music shell was named after James C. Petrillo, president of the Chicago Federation of Musicians from 1922 to 1962 and president of the American Federation of Musicians from 1940 to 1958, who created a free concert series in Grant Park in 1935. Petrillo was a commissioner of the Chicago Park District from 1934 to 1945.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Petrillo Music Shell )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Petrillo Music Shell )〕 Until the 1990s, the music shell was known for a traditional Independence Day concert celebration coordinated with the city's fireworks display on July 3.〔〔 ==Location and layout== In 1915, the commissioners of South Park (Grant Park's predecessor) located a temporary wooden bandshell in the Park near Michigan and Congress Avenues. It hosted large events as well as band performances and remained in place for five or six years.〔Macaluso, p. 27〕 In 1931, Cermak suggested free concerts to lift spirits of Chicagoans during the Great Depression.〔Tiebert, Laura, ''Frommer's Chicago with Kids (3rd edition),'' 2007, Wiley Publishing, Inc., ISBN 978-0-470-12481-9, p.263.〕〔Knox, p. 15〕 The Depression and the proliferation of new technological innovations such as records, radios and sound films led to a declining demand for live music and a shrinking job market for musicians.〔Macaluso, p. 50〕 That year, as buildings were being built for the 1933 Century of Progress International Exposition, the Chicago Concert Band Association offered to organize a seventy-person concert band to give free summer concerts if the Park commissioners would build a band shell that had electric lighting and dressing rooms.〔Macaluso, p. 35〕 Construction on the wood and fiber E. V. Buchsbaum design began on a budget of $12,500 ($ in today's dollars), and the opening of free concerts commenced on August 24, 1931.〔 Construction was completed in three weeks.〔Macaluso, p. 59〕 On July 1, 1935, Petrillo oversaw the beginning of free concerts in Grant Park at the original bandshell located on the south end of the park across Lake Shore Drive from the Field Museum of Natural History.〔Macaluso, p. 6〕 Originally referred to as the Grant Park Band Shell,〔 the bandshell was renamed and dedicated in honor of Petrillo in 1975.〔Knox, p. 14〕 There were numerous plans and proposals to replace the original band shell beginning almost as soon as the Festival began.〔Macaluso, p. 8〕 Among the most prominent was a post-WWII (1946) plan to have a fifteen-thousand-seat butterfly-design retractible canopy band shell on the block immediately east of the Art Institute of Chicago that eventually came to host the second incarnation of the Petrillo Music Shell.〔Macaluso, p. 93〕 In 1953 a referendum was almost held on the November 3 Election Day ballot for a $3 million ($) structure, but at the last minute a bond issue was denied.〔Macaluso, p. 102〕 In 1963, a plan for a ten thousand seat music bowl was propounded.〔Macaluso, p. 114〕 By the 1970s the original bandshell had deteriorated to the point where "stagehands, performers and even a grand piano had fallen through the stage floor."〔Gilfoyle, p. 59〕 Amid the catastrophes, the musicians joked about the need for hard hats. Despite $77,000 ($) in 1977 repair expenditures by the city, the performers were considering cancelling the 1978 season.〔Macaluso, p. 132〕 Protected by legislation that has been affirmed by four previous Illinois Supreme Court rulings, Grant Park has been "forever open, clear and free" since 1836, which was a year before the city of Chicago was incorporated.〔Macaluso, pp. 12–13〕 In 1839, United States Secretary of War Joel Roberts Poinsett declared the land between Randolph Street and Madison Street east of Michigan Avenue "Public Ground forever to remain vacant of buildings.〔 Aaron Montgomery Ward, who is known both as the inventor of mail order and the protector of Grant Park, twice sued the city of Chicago to force it to remove buildings and structures from Grant Park and to keep it from building new ones.〔Macaluso, pp. 23–25〕 As a result, the city has what are termed the Montgomery Ward height restrictions on buildings and structures in Grant Park. In 1972, plans were in place to build a C. F. Murphy Associates-designed $31 million ($ million) concrete-and-fiberglass band shell atop a new underground parking garage, but community groups defended the Ward restrictions, which necessitated the less expensive demountable band shell in at Butler Field.〔Macaluso, p. 45〕〔 The newly relocated bandshell was built at its current location in 1978 north of the original location.〔Knox, p. 14〕 The bandshell was designed to be temporary, but the Park District has never dismantled it.〔 The "semi-permanent" designation averted the Ward prohibitions and cost only $3 million ($ million).〔Macaluso, p. 133〕〔Macaluso, p. 135〕 With an official street address at 235 S. Columbus Drive, the music shell encompasses the entire block bounded by Lake Shore Drive to the east, Columbus Drive to the west, East Monroe Street to the north and East Jackson Street to the South. The places it a block east of the Art Institute of Chicago, a block north of Buckingham Fountain, a block south of Daley Bicentennial Plaza and southeast of Millennium Park. The amphitheater and paved surface for public seating is in the southwest corner of the block. This has served as one of the main stages for recent Lollapalooza celebrations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lollapalooza Chicago 2008 The Map )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lollapalooza (2009) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Petrillo Music Shell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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